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Making a fresh look at the things we have for granted can be wonderfully enlightening. Sometimes, the little low-cal bulb overhead begins to sizzle and sparkle, illuminating a new and better mode of doing things. Consider this example: When some savvy veterinarians took a fresh wait at performing spays, a surgery nosotros've been doing the exact aforementioned way for decades, they came up with a revised technique that accomplishes all of the objectives of the spay surgery with fewer complications. How cool is that?

Spay is the term used for neutering a female person domestic dog. As I was taught in veterinarian school, the medical jargon for spaying is ovariohysterectomy (OVH). "Ovario" refers to ovaries, "hyster" refers to uterus, and "ectomy" means removal of. In other words, spaying the traditional way involves surgical removal of the uterus and both ovaries. The objectives of the spay surgery are to render the dog infertile, eliminate the mess and behavioral problems associated with a female dog in rut, and prevent diseases that may afflict the uterus and ovaries later in life.

Thanks to some innovative veterinarians, we now know that ovariectomy (OVE) – removal of just the ovaries, leaving the uterus in place – accomplishes these objectives just as finer every bit does the OVH. And, hither's the icing on the cake: removal of the ovaries lone results in fewer complications when compared to removal of the ovaries and uterus combined.

Female Canine Anatomy

Hither's a simple short course in canine female person reproductive anatomy and physiology that volition help explicate why leaving the uterus behind makes sense. The shape of the uterus resembles the upper-case letter "Y." The body of the uterus is the stem and the two uterine horns represent the top bars of the "Y." An ovary is connected to the free end of each uterine horn by a delicate structure called a fallopian tube (transports the egg from the ovary into the uterus).

While the uterus has only 1 purpose (housing developing fetuses), the ovaries are multitaskers. They are the source of eggs of course and, in conjunction with hormones released by the pituitary gland, ovarian hormones dictate when the female person comes into heat and becomes receptive to the male person, when she goes out of estrus, when she ovulates, and when her uterus is amenable to relaxing and stretching to firm developing fetuses.

After the ovaries (and the hormones they produce) have been removed from the trunk, the uterus remains inert. The canis familiaris no longer shows symptoms of rut, nor can she conceive. Additionally, any chance of developing ovarian cystic disease or cancer is eliminated.

Better Outcomes with OVE

What happens when we go out the uterus behind? Isn't it subject to becoming diseased later in life? Actually, the incidence of uterine disease in dogs whose ovaries have been removed is exceptionally depression. Pyometra (pus inside the uterus), is the most common uterine disorder in unspayed dogs, and typically necessitates emergency surgery to remove the uterus.

Without the influence of progesterone, a hormone produced by the ovaries, pyometra does not naturally occur. The incidence of uterine cancer is extremely low in dogs (0.4 percent of all canine tumors) – hardly a worry, and studies take shown that the frequency of adult onset urinary incontinence (urine leakage) is the same whether or non the uterus is removed during the spay process.

If you are not already convinced that the "new spay is the meliorate way," consider the post-obit complications that can exist mitigated or avoided all together when the uterus remains unscathed:

• Compared to an OVH, an OVE requires less fourth dimension in the operating room. This translates into decreased likelihood of anesthetic complications.
• Removal of the uterus requires that the surgeon perform more difficult ligations (tying off of large blood vessels and surrounding tissues with suture material before making cuts to release the organs from the body). A uterine body ligation that isn't tied quite tightly enough can consequence in excessive haemorrhage into the intestinal cavity and may necessitate blood transfusions and/or a second surgery to stop the bleeding.
• The ureters (thin frail tubes that transport urine from each kidney to the bladder) run next to the body of the uterus. If a surgeon is non existence extremely careful, it is possible to ligate and obstruct a ureter in the class of removing the uterus. This devastating complication requires a second cosmetic surgery; however, damage to the afflicted ureter and adjoining kidney may be irreversible.
• Removal of the uterus occasionally results in the development of a "stump granuloma" – a localized inflammatory procedure that develops within the small-scale portion of uterus that is left backside. When this occurs a 2nd "clean upwardly surgery" is typically required.
• Nosotros know that the caste of post-operative patient discomfort correlates with the degree of surgical trauma. No question, of the two surgical options the OVH creates more trauma.

European veterinarians have been performing OVEs rather than OVHs for years. In fact, the bulk of the enquiry supporting the benefits of leaving the uterus behind has been conducted in Europe.

Slowly, veterinarians in the United States are catching on, and some veterinary schools are now preferentially teaching OVE rather than OVH techniques to their students.

What should you lot do if yous are planning to have your dog spayed? Talk with your veterinarian virtually this article. Perhaps OVE surgery is already his or her first choice. If non, perhaps your vet will exist willing to take a fresh look at performing this old-fashioned surgery.

Nancy Kay, DVM, is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) and recipient of the  American Animal Infirmary Association 2009 Brute Welfare and Humane Ethics Award. She is also author of Speaking for Spot: Be the Advocate Your Canis familiaris Needs to Alive a Happy, Healthy, Longer Life, and a staff internist at VCA Animal Care Center in Rohnert Park, California.

Source: https://www.whole-dog-journal.com/puppies/puppy-health/a-safer-way-to-spay-your-puppy/

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